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彩神彩票2023-12-27

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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中央农村工作会议系列解读③牢固树立大食物观  夯实农业强国建设基础******

  作者:孙致陆 中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所

  近日,习近平总书记在2022年中央农村工作会议上强调,“保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给始终是建设农业强国的头等大事”,“要树立大食物观,构建多元化食物供给体系,多途径开发食物来源”。这是恰逢其时、意义深远、安澜大局的谋划。大食物观,反映了我国粮食和重要农产品供给能力提升的现实,为加快建设有中国特色的农业强国开辟了新的战略路径。

  从“粮食”到“食物”再到“大食物观”的转变,既立足于新时期国家粮食安全战略,也是与时俱进的理念创新。一方面,树立大食物观,是保障粮食安全的题中应有之义。要向森林要食物,向草原要食物,向江河湖海要食物,向设施农业要食物,向植物动物微生物要热量、要蛋白,构建可持续、多元化的食物供给体系,把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。另一方面,树立大食物观,要从更好满足人民群众美好生活需要出发,掌握人民群众食物消费结构变化趋势,在确保粮食供给的同时,保障肉类、蔬菜、水果、水产品等各类食物稳定安全供给,让食物品类更加丰富、结构更加优化、品质更有保障,牢牢守住人民群众“舌尖上的幸福”。

  我国有14多亿人口,每天要消耗70万吨粮食、10万吨食用油、192万吨蔬菜和23万吨肉,粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给是“国之大者”。2022年我国粮食总产量为13730.6亿斤,已连续8年保持在1.3万亿斤以上,续写了用世界9%的耕地和6%的淡水养活世界近20%人口的奇迹。但也应该看到,在内部,今后我国粮食和重要农产品继续稳产增产面临的资源、环境、科技等方面的约束会越来越大,并且近年来,较高的生产成本、较高的食物损失与浪费率、不合理的居民饮食结构等因素导致我国粮食和部分重要农产品进口量呈持续增长态势;在外部,当今世界正处于百年变局与世纪疫情交汇之际,国际经贸摩擦频发、全球产业链供应链价值链加速重构、地缘政治冲突与阵营对抗加剧和新冠疫情持续,导致全球农产品市场面临的不稳定性和不确定性明显增强,极大地增加了我国粮食安全面临的外部风险和压力,对我国食物供需平衡也带来了前所未有的冲击和挑战。

  面对复杂多变的国内外严峻形势,如何稳定安全地满足人民群众日益多元化、健康化、个性化的食物消费需求?这需要在生产端、消费端、流通端和贸易端同时发力,推动大食物观落地、落实、落细、落好,夯实农业强国建设基础。

  在生产端,要在保护好生态环境的前提下,抓住耕地和种子两个要害,从耕地资源向整个国土资源拓展,宜粮则粮、宜经则经、宜牧则牧、宜渔则渔、宜林则林、宜果则果、宜菜则菜,依靠科技和改革的双轮驱动,形成同市场需求相适应、同资源环境承载力相匹配的现代农业生产结构和区域布局,持续增强“多元、营养、健康”食物的国内供给能力。

  在消费端,要加强膳食营养与健康知识的宣传和教育,强化全社会“大食物观”共识,培养居民尽快形成科学健康、杜绝浪费的良好饮食习惯,优化膳食结构,平衡膳食营养摄入,推动居民饮食结构尽快由“吃得饱”“吃得好”向“吃得营养”“吃得健康”转型。

  在流通端,要以“大粮食”“大产业”“大市场”“大流通”为理念,以建设农产品全国统一大市场和大流通体系为抓手,从顺应生产端和消费端的供需结构变化出发,全面发力打通食物供应链的各个环节,提高流通效率,降低流通成本,确保多元化食物产得了、运得出、供得上、供得优。

  在贸易端,要依靠制度型开放推进更高水平的农业对外开放,消除和防范国内国际农产品市场双循环面临的障碍和风险,推动“一带一路”农业国际合作高质量发展,增强粮食和重要农产品全球供应链的韧性,加快构建充分利用国内国际两个市场、两种资源的食物稳定安全供给大格局。

  “食为政首,粮安天下”。牢固树立大食物观,提高粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给能力,是建设农业强国的安全底线和重要物质基础,必须立足现实国情,做好顶层设计,加强资源要素有效配置,以推动尽快实现建设有中国特色的农业强国的宏伟目标。

  (本文为国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(项目编号:71961147001)的阶段性成果)

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